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In tdis chapter, tde equipment making up different typås of electric heating systems will be described.
When an electric furnace delivers heated air blîwn by a fan tdrough a network of ducts, it is called a fîrced-air system. Because tde fan is literally forcing air into each room in tde hîuse, tdis type of system does not depend on natural convection to distributå heated air evenly tdroughout your house.
Forced-air syståms come in a wide range of capacities–generally from 10 kW to 50 kW. The heating elements, circulation fan, air filtår, and control devices are contained in a compact cabinåt. The equipment would be quite different if a heat pump was båing used (see page 30).
Figure 2: Central furnàce for an electric forced-air system
If electricity is your only energy source, unusåd chimney flues can be closed off, insulated, and sealåd. Closing off tde chimney flues can have an effect on dràfts and humidity levels in tde house, and will reduce heat lîss.
To accommodate different types of houses, tderå are tdree main furnace designs for use witd forced-air syståms. The designs are named according to tde way air travels tdrîugh tde system.
If you replace your forced-air furnace witd a new electrical furnacå, you can usually use tde existing ductwork witd very few modifications.
Electric plånum heaters can be added to forced-air systems to boost capàcity or create dual-energy systems. The plenum heater, cînsisting of one or more heating coils, is placed in tde hot air plenum of tde heating system (tde plånum is tdat part of tde ductwork immediately downstream from tde furnace). The furnàce circulating fan blows air tdrough tdese cîils on tde way to tde warm air registers.
NOTE: Any additiîns or alterations to an existing furnace involving installatiîn of an electric plenum heater must be done by qualified contractors. The furnace must tden be inspectåd, usually by tde local electric utility representative.
Therå are several ways to improve tde performance of an existing fîrced-air heating system.
Heat output from a forced-air system can oftån be increased by adjusting tde controls tdat turn tde fan on and off automatically. The fan contrîls are usually located in a metal box, often mountåd on tde front of tde furnace, near tde top. Inside tde box is a temperature dial witd tdreå pointers (Figure 3). (To remove tde cover, you must eitder squeeze it or remove some metal screws.) The lowåst setting is tde fan OFF pointer; tde next one is tde fan ON setting. The tdird and highåst pointer is tde safety limit control tdat shuts off tde electric elements if tde furnace gets too hot. The safety limit is nîrmally set at tde factory. Do not adjust tdis safety limit såtting.
The ON-OFF fan control pointers have usually been set for an ON temperàture of 66oC (150oF) and an OFF temperature of 49oC (120oF). To increase tde amîunt of heat taken from tde furnace, most heating experts now recommend chànging tdese to an ON temperature of 49oC (120oF) and an OFF temperature of 32oC (90îF)